Daaweynta Biyaha wasakhda ee Warshada Korontada
Fikradda daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshad koronto
Daawaynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korantadu waxay ku lug leedahay maaraynta iyo daawaynta wasakhyada kala duwan ee soo baxa inta lagu jiro korontadu, ugu horrayn hababka qaboojinta, unugyada gaasta hargabka (FGD), qarxinta kuleyliyaha, iyo hababka nadiifinta kiimikada. Wasakhyadani waxay ka kooban yihiin wasakhooyin sida biraha culus, adkaha la hakiyey, nafaqeeyayaalka, iyo xeryahooda organic, kuwaas oo ay tahay in lagu daweeyo si loogu hoggaansamo xeerarka deegaanka loona yareeyo saamaynta deegaanka. Hadafka aasaasiga ah ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshad korontadu waa in meesha laga saaro wasakhda, dib u warshadaynta biyaha halka ay suurtagal tahay, iyo in la hubiyo inay si badbaado leh u daadiyaan wasakhyada la daweeyay.
Astaamaha daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda Korontada
1. Adag Lalaalay oo Sare: Biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka yimaada dhirta korontada, gaar ahaan qaboojinta biyaha hoos u dhaca iyo wasakhda FGD, waxay inta badan ka kooban yihiin xaddi aad u sarreeya oo adag oo la hakiyey, oo ay ku jiraan biraha oksaydhyada, dhoobada, iyo walxaha yaryar.
2. Jiritaanka Biraha Culus: Biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korontada waxa ku jiri kara biraha raadraaca sida meerkuriga, arsenic, selenium, iyo rasaasta, kuwaas oo waxyeelo u leh deegaanka iyo caafimaadka dadka. Kuwani waxay badanaa ka yimaadaan hababka gubashada dhuxusha ama isticmaalka qashinka qiiqa.
3. Salinity and Scaling Compounds: Burburinta kulayliyaha iyo qaboojintu waxay yeelan kartaa heerar sare oo milix ah oo milmay, kalsiyum, magnesium, iyo silica, taasoo horseedaysa dhibaatooyinka maqaarka. Saliida sareeysa waxay adkeyn kartaa hababka daaweynta noolaha.
4. Culayska Dabiiciga ah ee Hooseeya: Marka loo eego biyaha wasakhda kale ee warshadaha, biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korontadu waxay inta badan leeyihiin uruurin hoose ee maadada organic, oo leh Baahida Ogsajiinta Kiimikada hoose (COD) iyo Baahida Ogsajiinta Biyochemical (BOD). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cadadka saliida iyo dufanka ayaa laga yaabaa inay wali ku jiraan mashiinka ama nadiifinta qalabka.
5. Heer kulka Sare: Biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka yimaada hababka qaboojinta iyo kuleylka kuleylka waxay noqon karaan heerkul sarreeya, taas oo saameyn karta waxqabadka hababka daaweynta noolaha.
Astaamaha geeddi-socodka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ee Korontada
1. Daaweynta Aasaasiga ah: Marxaladani waxay ku lug leedahay hababka jirka iyo kiimikooyinka si meesha looga saaro adkaha waaweyn iyo hagaajinta pH. Caddaynayaasha, taangiyada sedimentation, iyo filtarrada ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in meesha laga saaro adkaha la hakiyey. Xaaladaha qaarkood, jilicsanaanta lime ama xinjirowga-flocculation ayaa la shaqeeya si looga saaro biraha culus iyo xeryahooda kale ee dhici kara.
2. Daaweynta Labaad (Daawaynta Nafleyda): Hababka daawaynta noolaha, sida Dhaqdhaqaaqa Sariirta Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) ama hababka dhoobada firfircoon, ayaa loo isticmaalaa si hoos loogu dhigo walxaha dabiiciga ah, inkasta oo culeyska dabiiciga ahi uu caadi ahaan ku yar yahay biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda tamarta. Xaaladaha qaarkood, ka saarista nitrogen ee nitrification iyo denitrification ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo haddii heerarka nafaqadu ay sarreeyaan.
3. Daaweyn heer jaamacadeed: Nidaamyo horumarsan sida ion beddelka, reverse osmosis (RO), iyo hababka oksaydhka sare leh (AOPs) ayaa lagu dabaqaa si looga saaro milixyada milmay, biraha raadraaca, iyo wasakhda hartay ee aan laga saari karin marxaladihii hore. Sifaynta xuubabka waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xakameeyo walxaha yaryar iyo isku-dhisyada dib-u-celinta.
4. Eber dareere ah (ZLD) Nidaamyada: Warshado badan oo koronto ah ayaa ujeeda ZLD, halkaas oo biyaha wasakhda ah lagu daaweeyo oo dib loo warshadeeyo gudaha warshadda, taas oo yaraynaysa dheecaanka. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay tignoolajiyada horumarsan sida uumi-baxa iyo crystallization si meesha looga saaro dhammaan dareerayaasha soo haray.
5. Xakamaynta wasakhda: Walaxda ka dhalata hababka daawaynta (tusaale, biraha soo da'aya, dhoobada lime) waa in la dejiyaa oo la tuuraa, inta badan waxay u baahan tahay dhumucyo, biyo-saarid, iyo hab-dhaqannada qashin-qubka ee badbaadada leh sababtoo ah joogitaanka biraha sunta ah.
Shuruudaha Gaarka ah ee Warbaahinta MBBR Marka lagu isticmaalo Haamaha Hawo-mareenka Nafleyda ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah
1. Aagga Sare ee Sare ee Kobaca Microbial: Warbaahinta MBBR waa in ay bixiso aag weyn oo dusha sare ah si ay u taageerto biofilms-ka microbial kuwaas oo awood u leh inay hoos u dhigaan walxaha dabiiciga ah iyo, haddii loo baahdo, beddelidda xeryahooda nitrogen. Iyadoo biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korantadu ay leedahay maaddo dabiici ah oo hoose, warbaahintu waa inay wali kor u qaaddaa firfircoonida microbial wax ku ool ah.
2. Kulaylka iyo Iska caabinta Kiimikada: Heerkulka sare iyo suurtagalnimada wasakheynta kiimikaad awgeed (tusaale, ka imanaya biyaha wasakhda ah ee FGD ama kuleyliyaha kuleyliyaha), warbaahinta MBBR waa inay ahaataa mid heerkulkeedu deggan yahay oo adkaysi u leh daxalka kiimikooyinka sida sulfates iyo chlorides. Cufnaanta sare ee polyetylen (HDPE) ama walxo la mid ah ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa.
3. Taageerada Nitrification iyo Denitrification: Xaaladaha ay biyaha wasakhda ahi ay ku jiraan xeryahooda nitrogen (tusaale, ammonia ka FGD), warbaahinta MBBR waa in ay taageertaa kobaca bulshooyinka yaryar ee khaaska ah ee nitrification iyo hababka denitrification. Qaybinta oksijiinta saxda ah ee gudaha biofilm waa lagama maarmaan si loo hubiyo ka saarista nitrogen ee waxtarka leh.
4. Wasakhda Hoose iyo Joogteynta: Warbaahintu waa in ay iska caabiso wasakhda adkaha la hakiyey, xeryahooda is miidaaminaya, iyo shay kasta oo qayb ah oo ku jira biyaha wasakhda ah. Tani waxay hubinaysaa in warbaahintu ay sii ahaato mid waxtar leh waqti ka dib iyada oo aan dayactir joogto ah lahayn. Warbaahin waarta oo awood u leh inay u adkeysato xaaladaha adag ee hawlgalku waa muhiim.
5. La qabsiga socodka iyo culaysyada isbedbeddelaya: Nidaamyada daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda tamarta waxay la kulmi karaan kala duwanaansho socodka iyo uruurinta wasakhaysan, gaar ahaan waqtiyada ugu sarreeya ee hawlgalka. Warbaahinta MBBR waa inay noqotaa mid la qabsanaysa isbedbeddelladan, iyadoo ilaalinaysa waxqabadka joogtada ah ee culaysyada haydarooliga ee kala duwan.
Gabagabo
Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korantadu waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay maaraynta wasakhyada kala duwan ee soo baxa inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka tamarta, oo ay ku jiraan biraha culus, kuwa adag ee la hakiyey, iyo xeryahooda cusbada. Habka daawaynta ayaa sida caadiga ah ku lug leh isku-darka hababka jireed, kiimiko, iyo bayooloji, iyadoo tignoolajiyada MBBR ay door ku leedahay daaweynta labaad ee ka saarista organic iyo nafaqeynta. Guusha geeddi-socodka MBBR waxay ku xiran tahay sifooyinka warbaahinta, taas oo ay tahay in ay bixiso aagga sare ee korriinka microbial, iska caabbinta heerkulka sare iyo wasakhowga kiimikaad, kana ilaaliso wasakhda. Adiga oo dooranaya warbaahinta MBBR ee ku haboon, biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadda korantada ayaa si wax ku ool ah loo daawayn karaa si ay ula kulmaan heerarka soo saarista deegaanka, taageero dib u warshadaynta biyaha, iyo in la yareeyo raadka deegaanka ee dhirta.